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SMF Service Management Facility

SMF

Stands for Service Management Facility a new way of managing services in your Solaris Operating Environment.

Benefits:

• You can manually stop,start and restart services using proper procedures.
• You can establish and formalize dependency relationships between services.
• You can have a grip on system startup behavior and service status.
• You can have a structured mechanism for Fault Management of system services.
• You can get detailed information about misconfigured services with explaination as why the service was not running or misconfigured.
• You get individual log files for each service.

KEY TERM:

Service Identifier

Service Category

Service States

Milestones

Service Configuration Repository

Now we shall discuss the key terms now to get familiar with SMF

What is Service Identifier ?

Each instance of   service within SMF has a name which is called Service Identifier.

Service Identifier is in the form of  Fault Management Resource Identifier.

What is FMRI ?

FMRI indicates type of service or category,name and instance of the service.

What is Service Category ?

It defines the category of  service and is always after the prefix “svc”.

Example:

application,device,legacy,milestone,network,platform,site,system.

What is Service States?

It denotes if a SMF service is online, offline, disabled, maintenance, uninitialized, degraded, legacy_run.

What are Milestones ?

It’s a special type of service that is made up of a defined set of  other services.

A milestone is a system state to reach which in turn requires defined set of services to be running which depend on other services being available.

Example:

single-user,multi-user,multi-user-server,network,name-services,sysconfig,devices.

What is Service Configuration Repository ?

It stores information about the state of each SMF service instance.

It also stores configuration information about the services and system.

Example:

/etc/svc/repository.db

Introducing SMF Commands

svcs

You can identify each service by using svcs command.

Example:

#svcs

Using svcs command to list service, check service dependencies.

#svcs -a | grep offline

#svcs -a | grep disabled

#svcs nfs/client

STATE          STIME    FMRI

maintenance     3:02:10 svc:/network/nfs/client:default

# svcs -D nfs/client 

(Use D to list services or service intances that depend on given services or service instances).

STATE          STIME    FMRI

online         Mar_13   svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default

online         Mar_13   svc:/system/dumpadm:default

online         Mar_13   svc:/milestone/multi-user:default

online         Mar_13   svc:/system/webconsole:consol

#svcs –d network/smtp

(Use d to list services or service instances upon which the given service instances depend).

STATE          STIME    FMRI

online         Mar_13   svc:/milestone/name-services:default

online         Mar_13   svc:/system/identity:domain

online         Mar_13   svc:/network/service:default

online         Mar_13   svc:/system/filesystem/local:default

online         Mar_13   svc:/system/filesystem/autofs:default

online         Mar_13   svc:/system/system-log:default

#svcs -xv (x Displays explanations for service states,v displays verbose )

Example:

# svcs -xv

svc:/application/print/server:default (LP print server)

 State: disabled since Sun Mar 13 20:44:59 2011

Reason: Disabled by an administrator.

   See: http://sun.com/msg/SMF-8000-05

   See: man -M /usr/share/man -s 1M lpsched

Impact: 2 dependent services are not running:

        svc:/application/print/rfc1179:default

        svc:/application/print/ipp-listener:default

svcadm

You can administer or change the service by using svcadm command.

Example:

#svcadm enable sendmail (use this if its disabled)

#svcadm disable sendmail(use this to disabled if enabled)

Example:

#svcadm clear sendmail    (use this if in maintenance state)

#svcadm refresh sendmail (use this after clear)

#svcadm restart sendmail  (use this after refresh)

svccfg

You can configure and manipulate a service by using the svccfg command.

Example 1 : Importing a Service Description

The following example imports a service description for the seismic service in the XML manifest specified on the command line.

# svccfg import /var/svc/manifest/site/seismic.xml

 Example 2 : Exporting a Service Description

 To export a service description on the local system:

 $ svccfg export dumpadm >/tmp/dump.xml

 Example 3 :  Deleting a Service Instance

To delete a service instance:

$ svccfg delete network/inetd-upgrade:default

Example 4:  Modifying the properties of instance

# svccfg

       svc:> repository /etc/svc/repository-boot

       svc:> select telnet:default

       svc:/network/telnet:default> listprop general/enabled

       general/enabled  boolean  false

       svc:/network/telnet:default> exit

Example 5 : Reverting to another SMF snapshot that worked perfectly

# svccfg

svc:> select svc:/network/nfs/client:default

svc:/network/nfs/client:default> listsnap

initial

last-import

running

start

previous

svc:/network/nfs/client:default> revert start

svc:/network/nfs/client:default> quit

Now need to refresh and restart for changes to reflect.

-bash-3.00# svcadm refresh svc:/network/nfs/client:default

-bash-3.00# svcadm restart svc:/network/nfs/client:default

svcprop

You can retrieve values of service configuration properties

Example:

#svcprop -p restarter/state system/cron:default

  online

SMF

SMF

Stands for Service Management Facility a new way of managing services in your Solaris Operating Environment.

Benefits:

• You can manually stop,start and restart services using proper procedures.
• You can establish and formalize dependency relationships between services.
• You can have a grip on system startup behavior and service status.
• You can have a structured mechanism for Fault Management of system services.
• You can get detailed information about misconfigured services with explaination as why the service was not running or misconfigured.
• You get individual log files for each service.

KEY TERM:

Service Identifier

Service Category

Service States

Milestones

Service Configuration Repository

Solaris Zones

||Solaris Zones||  

Zone is a small weight Virtualization concept which is development of the idea of BSD Jails which were designed by FreeBSD in 1999.
Zones provide a virtual operating system surroundings within single physical instance of Solaris 10. Application can run in an isolated and secure surroundings. The isolation prevents an application running in one Zone from monitoring or affecting an application running in a different zone. an additional important aspects of zones is that failing application such as one that would historically have leaked all the variable memory, or exhausted all CPU resources can be limited to only affect the zone in which it is running. This is achieved by limited the amount  of physical resources on the system that the zone can use.


Zones were designed in Oracle by Andrew Tucker and according to Oracle have better security integrated into the Operating System. To say that zones are great would be an under statement. They completely changed Unix World (Including security) and this why Solaris in the first true 21st  century Unix available on the marketplace.  It is not an accident that AIX 6 copied the concept from Solaris 10. 


It seems that zones are becoming the new powerful security model.  in lieu of one computer per server, one computer could have multiple jails for applications provided by zones, with each zone providing one service.  This is   for massive enterprises where "fight for privileges" between users & administrators is  acute. Not it can be resolved by granting root access to the zone with a specific application.


There is two types of zones

1. Global Zones
2. Non Global Zones

1. Global Zones :
 Global zone is your physical server. global zone is unique. We can not create multiple global zone. Global zone’s id is  always ‘0’  


2. Non Global zone:
         Zones create under global zones called as non global zone or local zone. We can create 6999 zones. It is same like Vmware in Windows.


Minimum requirement of Zones :

Zone needs minimum 50 MB of Disk and 15 MB of memory. Sun recommends 100 MB disk space for a zone as a minimum.  




 Zones states :


• Confiugured :     Configuration was completed and saved
• Incomplete :       Transition state during install or uninstall operation
• Installed :           The packages have been successfully installed
• Ready :              The virtual platform has been installed
• Running :           The zone booted successfully and is now running in normal state
• Shutting down :  The zone is in the process of shutting down.
• Down:                The zone has completed the shut down process and is down

Configuring a Zone:

Before Zone can be installed or booted it has to be created and configured. This section deals with the initials configuration.

Zonecfg command is used to configure zone. Zonecfg carries out the following things:

* Create or delete zone configuration.

* Add or remove resources in configuration

* Set the properties for a resource in the configuration.

*Query and Verify the configuration.

* Save and Commit the configuration

* Revert to previous configuration.

* Exit from Zonecfg session.

Create a Zone named “test-zone”

# zonecfg –z test-zone
#zonecfg:test-zone>create

#zonecfg:test-zone> add fs

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> set dir=/test-mount

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> set special=/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s5

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> set raw=/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s5

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> set type=ufs

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> add options [logging. Nosuid]

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> end

The directory that is to be loopback mounted from global zone. The following example shows that /opt/test-zone

inherit-pkg-dir

#zonecfg:test-zone:> add inherit-pkg-dir

#zonecfg:test-zone: inherit-pkg-dir > set dir=/opt/test-zone

#zonecfg:test-zone: inherit-pkg-dir > end

Setup of the network interface for the zone. The following code example specifies an IP address 192.168.10.150 and the physical interface to be used in hme0

net address, physical

#zonecfg:test-zone:> add net

#zonecfg:test-zone:net> set physical=hme0

#zonecfg:test-zone:net> set address=192.168.10.150

#zonecfg:test-zone:net>end

A device to be included into zone. The following code example included a tape drive /dev/rmt/0

#zonecfg:test-zone>  add device

#zonecfg:test-zone:device> set match=/dev/rmt/0

#zonecfg:test-zone:device> end

There are two zone-wide resource controls namely zone.cpu-shares and zone max-lwps

Following examples to sets the CPU shares to 20.

rctl , name and value

#zonecfg:test-zone> add rctl

#zonecfg:test-zone:rctl> set name=zone.cpu-shares

#zonecfg:test-zone:rctl> set value=(priv=priviledged,limit=20,action=none)

#zonecfg:test-zone:rctl> end

It used for adding a comment to a zone The following example is used to add comment for  the zone apps

attr 

#zonecfg:test-zone> add attr

#zonecfg:test-zone:attr> set name=comment

#zonecfg:test-zone:attr> set type=string

#zonecfg:test-zone:attr> set value=”The Application Zone”

#zonecfg:test-zone:attr> end

Add memory into Zone, The below subcommands is used to add memory for specific zone.

Capped-memory

#zonecfg:test-zone> add capped-memory

#zonecfg:test-zone:capped-memory> set locked=2g

#zonecfg:test-zone:capped-memory> end

#zonecfg:test-zone>verify
#zonecfg:test-zone>commit

#zonecfg:test-zone>end

Now Zone name “test-zone” has been configured. Before Installing the zone please verify the zone configuration

#zoneadm –z test-zone verify

#zoneadm –z test-zone install

After Installation.

#zoneadm –z test-zone ready

#zoneadm –z test-zone boot

Halting zone

#zoneadm –z test-zone hault

Rebooting zone

#zoneadm –z test-zone reboot

Uninstalling Zone

#zoneadm –z test-zone uninstall –F

And after uninstalled then delete , This command will delete all the zone related files and directory.

#zoneadm –z test-zone delete –F 

||Quick Start ||

Open a terminal and confirm the 3.5 disk space will be free to configure the zone.

Create Zone directory :

#mkdir /zone

Change permission for the directory

#chmod 700 /zone

Create a Zone named “test-zone”

# zonecfg –z test-zone

#zonecfg:test-zone> add fs

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> set dir=/zone

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> set special=/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s5

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> set raw=/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s5

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> set auto-boot=true

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> set type=ufs

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> add options [logging. Nosuid]

#zonecfg:test-zone:fs> end

#zonecfg:test-zone:> add inherit-pkg-dir

#zonecfg:test-zone: inherit-pkg-dir > set dir=/opt/test-zone

#zonecfg:test-zone: inherit-pkg-dir > end

#zonecfg:test-zone:> add net

#zonecfg:test-zone:net> set physical=hme0

#zonecfg:test-zone:net> set address=192.168.10.150

#zonecfg:test-zone:net> end

#zonecfg:test-zone>  add device

#zonecfg:test-zone:device> set match=/dev/rmt/0

#zonecfg:test-zone:device> end

#zonecfg:test-zone> add rctl

#zonecfg:test-zone:rctl> set name=zone.cpu-shares

#zonecfg:test-zone:rctl> set value=(priv=priviledged,limit=20,action=none)

#zonecfg:test-zone:rctl> end

#zonecfg:test-zone> add attr

#zonecfg:test-zone:attr> set name=comment

#zonecfg:test-zone:attr> set type=string

#zonecfg:test-zone:attr> set value=”The Application Zone”

#zonecfg:test-zone:attr> end

#zonecfg:test-zone> add capped-memory

#zonecfg:test-zone:capped-memory> set locked=2g

#zonecfg:test-zone:capped-memory> end

#zonecfg:test-zone> commit

#zonecfg:test-zone> verify

#zonecfg:test-zone> end

Now Zone name “test-zone” has been configured. Before Installing the zone please verify the zone configuration

#zoneadm –z test-zone verify

#zoneadm –z test-zone install

After Installation.

#zoneadm –z test-zone ready

#zoneadm –z test-zone boot

#zlogin –z test-zone